Pugs are one of the most lovable and recognizable dog breeds in the world. With their wrinkled faces, curly tails, and affectionate personalities, it’s no wonder they’re such popular companions. However, their unique physical features also make them more prone to certain health problems. If you’re a pug parent (or planning to become one), it’s important to understand these common pug health issues—and more importantly, how you can help prevent them.
In this guide, we’ll cover the most frequent health challenges pugs face, prevention strategies, and how to keep your furry friend healthy and happy for years to come.
1. Breathing Issues (Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome)
Pugs are brachycephalic dogs, meaning they have short, flat muzzles. While adorable, this facial structure often leads to breathing difficulties known as Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS). Symptoms include noisy breathing, snoring, exercise intolerance, and even overheating.
Prevention Tips:
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- Avoid extreme temperatures: Pugs overheat quickly, especially in hot or humid weather. Always provide shade and fresh water.
- Maintain a healthy weight: Extra weight puts more strain on the respiratory system.
- Use a harness instead of a collar: Collars can restrict airflow; a harness reduces pressure on the neck.
- Regular vet checkups: In severe cases, surgery may be recommended to improve airflow.
2. Eye Problems
Those big, soulful pug eyes are one of their most charming features—but they’re also very vulnerable. Because their eyes protrude, pugs are at higher risk for corneal ulcers, scratches, dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), and even proptosis (eye displacement).
Prevention Tips:
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- Keep their environment safe: Remove sharp objects and hazards at pug-eye level.
- Clean daily wrinkles and face folds: Dirt or debris can cause irritation near the eyes.
- Watch for symptoms: Excessive tearing, squinting, or redness requires immediate vet attention.
- Regular eye exams: Early detection of issues can save your pug’s vision.
3. Skin Fold Dermatitis
Pugs’ adorable wrinkles trap moisture, dirt, and bacteria, which can lead to skin fold infections (dermatitis). This often results in redness, odor, itching, or sores.
Prevention Tips:
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- Daily wrinkle cleaning: Use a soft, damp cloth or vet-approved wipes.
- Keep wrinkles dry: After cleaning, make sure the folds are completely dry.
- Monitor for irritation: If you notice redness, swelling, or odor, consult your vet.
4. Obesity
Pugs love food—and with those big, pleading eyes, it’s easy to give in. Unfortunately, pugs are prone to obesity, which can worsen other health issues like breathing difficulties, joint problems, and diabetes.
Prevention Tips:
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- Feed a balanced diet: Choose high-quality dog food and follow portion guidelines.
- Limit treats: Use healthy, low-calorie options in moderation.
- Exercise daily: Even short walks and play sessions keep weight under control.
- Regular weigh-ins: Keep an eye on gradual weight gain before it becomes a problem.
5. Hip Dysplasia and Joint Problems
Although more common in larger breeds, pugs can also develop hip dysplasia and arthritis. Their compact bodies place strain on their joints, leading to pain and mobility issues.
Prevention Tips:
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- Control weight: Extra pounds add unnecessary pressure on joints.
- Provide joint support: Orthopedic dog beds, ramps, and supplements like glucosamine can help.
- Low-impact exercise: Gentle walks and swimming are better than rough play.
- Vet monitoring: Early intervention slows progression.
6. Allergies
Pugs are notorious for having skin allergies and food sensitivities. Signs include constant scratching, licking paws, or chronic ear infections.
Prevention Tips:
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- Identify triggers: Work with your vet to determine if it’s food, pollen, or dust.
- Choose hypoallergenic diets: Limited-ingredient or grain-free foods may help.
- Bathe regularly: Use gentle, vet-approved shampoos.
- Keep ears clean: Allergies often lead to ear infections.
7. Dental Disease
With their small mouths and crowded teeth, pugs are at risk for tartar buildup, gum disease, and tooth loss.
Prevention Tips:
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- Brush teeth regularly: Use dog-safe toothpaste.
- Dental chews and toys: Help reduce plaque buildup.
- Annual dental cleanings: Professional care keeps your pug’s smile healthy.
8. Neurological Issues (Pug Dog Encephalitis)
One of the most serious conditions affecting pugs is Pug Dog Encephalitis (PDE), a rare but fatal inflammatory brain disease. Symptoms include seizures, circling, and sudden personality changes.
Prevention Tips:
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- Unfortunately, PDE has no known cause or prevention method.
- Early detection and supportive care: If symptoms appear, seek veterinary attention immediately.
- Genetic testing for breeders: Ethical breeding practices can reduce incidence.
9. Heat Sensitivity
Because of their flat faces and breathing challenges, pugs don’t regulate temperature well. Overheating can be life-threatening.
Prevention Tips:
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- Avoid hot weather walks: Exercise during cooler times of day.
- Provide cooling tools: Cooling mats, fans, and access to shade are essential.
- Never leave in cars: Even for a few minutes, cars heat up dangerously fast.
10. Ear Infections
Pugs’ folded ears trap moisture and debris, making them prone to ear infections.
Prevention Tips:
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- Check ears weekly: Look for redness, odor, or discharge.
- Clean with vet-approved solutions: Avoid cotton swabs inside the canal.
- Manage allergies: Since allergies often cause ear infections, treat underlying issues.
How to Keep Your Pug Healthy Overall
While pugs may face more health challenges than some breeds, the good news is that many of these issues can be prevented or managed with proper care.
Here’s a quick checklist for pug parents:
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- Feed a high-quality, portion-controlled diet.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Clean wrinkles, ears, and teeth regularly.
- Provide safe, moderate exercise.
- Schedule regular vet visits for preventive care.
- Keep them cool and comfortable in warm weather.
- Give them lots of love, attention, and enrichment.
Pugs may have their share of health concerns, but with the right care, they can live long, joyful lives by your side. By staying proactive about their unique needs, you’ll help your pug thrive while enjoying all the cuddles, playtime, and snorts that make this breed so special.
Remember, prevention is always better than cure—so the more you invest in your pug’s health today, the happier and healthier they’ll be tomorrow.
